题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
长句先做减法:把两个逗号之间、破折号之间、括号里的成分先盖住,剩下的就是主谓宾。插入语(however, in fact, of course, it seems, as we later learned)不承担句子成分,去掉后句子仍完整;同位语则是对前面名词的解释或重命名(a 记录 of…, the 装置, one that…),去掉后主干仍在,但会丢信息。
三步断句:①找限定动词(一个主句一个谓语,从句另算);②剥掉插入与同位;③看空格在主干里缺什么成分(主语/谓语/宾语/表语/定语),词性一确定,选项往往只剩一两个。下面短文为自编示意语篇,不引用任何现成文章。
二、题目呈现
自编语篇(示意,设空 1、3、4、5、6 共 5 处)
The town library, (1)______ in 1908 and rebuilt after the flood, keeps a register of every borrower. The register, a plain notebook with no index, turned out to be the only record of who borrowed what during those years. Ms. Adeyemi, (3)______ had worked there for thirty years, (4)______ that the names, far from being random, followed the streets in order — a detail (5)______ nobody had noticed. It seems, (6)______ , that the notebook was also a map of the town.
【备选词库】A. opened B. which C. who D. noticed E. that F. however G. therefore H. built I. when
题1 主干还原(简答)
Strip the inserts from the first two sentences and write the two main clauses (subject + finite verb + object/complement).
题2 设空 1、3、4、5、6 选词(从词库中选,每词限用一次)
1 ______ 3 ______ 4 ______ 5 ______ 6 ______
题3 干扰项归因(简答)
Explain why «built» is wrong for blank (1), why «which» is wrong for blank (3), and why «therefore» is wrong for blank (6). One reason each.
三、分步解析
题1 第一句主干:The town library keeps a register of every borrower. 被剥掉的是 «opened in 1908 and rebuilt after the flood»(过去分词短语作后置定语/插入性补充说明)与空 (1) 所在位置;限定动词只有 keeps。第二句主干:The register turned out to be the only record of who borrowed what during those years. 被剥掉的是 «a plain notebook with no index»(同位语,对 register 重命名)与空 (2) 后引导它的成分;限定动词是 turned out。注意 «of who borrowed what…» 是介词 of 的宾语从句,属主干里的宾语部分,不能剥。
题2 1 A opened:与后文 «rebuilt after the flood» 并列,且图书馆是「被开办/开放」用过去分词 opened;built 只说「建造」,与 1908 年开馆的语义不配。3 C who:先行词 Ms. Adeyemi 是人,非限制性定语从句用 who;词库里的 which 只指物,是干扰项。4 D noticed:主句 «Ms. Adeyemi ___ that the names…» 缺限定谓语,用 noticed;若填 when 或 which,主句就没有谓语了。5 E that:先行词 a detail,从句 «___ nobody had noticed» 缺宾语,用 that(which 亦可指物,但本组已把 which 判为干扰项且每词限用一次)。6 F however:It seems, however, that… 是典型插入语位置,与前文 «far from being random» 形成「看似随机的名字其实有序」的转折强调;therefore 表因果,要求前文有明确推理关系,此处不合。关于第 2 处:语篇里 «The register, a plain notebook with no index, …» 的同位语是完整名词短语,本来就不设空——同位语由名词短语直接充当,前面再加任何引导词都会与后面的 turned out 抢谓语。词库中特意保留 which 作干扰项,正是为了检验「同位语 ≠ 定语从句」这一层。
题3 ① built 只表示「被建造」,而空 (1) 与 «rebuilt after the flood» 并列、后接 «in 1908»,说的是开馆/开放这一事件;建筑可以被 built,但 «opened in 1908 and rebuilt after the flood» 才是「开馆—水灾后重建」的时间链。且 built 与 rebuilt 同词根重复,语义冗余。which 用于指物,空 (3) 先行词 Ms. Adeyemi 是人,非限制性定语从句必须用 who;用 which 会把人当物。therefore 表「因此」,要求前文有明确因果;空 (6) 前是 «far from being random… followed the streets in order»,后是 «the notebook was also a map»,两句是递进式点破而非因果推导,且 «It seems, ___, that…» 是插入语固定位置,用 however 表「不过/倒是」的转折强调更合语篇;用 therefore 会把「发现」说成「结论」。三处归因分别落在「词义与并列链」「先行词的人/物」「逻辑关系与插入语位置」。
四、采分点对照
| 题号 | 答案 | 采分点构成 |
|---|---|---|
| 题1 | 见解析 | 两句主干各 2 分;指出被剥成分性质(分词短语/同位语)1 分;指出 of 从句不可剥 1 分 |
| 题2 | 1A 3C 4D 5E 6F(共 5 空) | 每空 1 分;说出同位语不设空的理由 1 分;词性/从句关系说明 1 分 |
| 题3 | 见解析 | 三处各 1 分;分别落到「词义与并列」「先行词人物」「逻辑关系+插入语位置」,只写「不搭」每处减半 |
五、高频易错点
- 不剥插入语就逐词读长句,把 keeps 和 opened 都当谓语,主干找错。
- 把同位语当定语从句:a plain notebook with no index 是名词短语,不是 which 从句。
- 先行词是人却用 which;非限制性从句里 that 也不能指人作主语。
- 把 It seems, ___, that… 的插入位置当成因果连接,误选 therefore。
- 同位语本身完整时还硬塞引导词,反而造出两个谓语;本组该处不设空,正是考点之一。
六、小结与自查清单
| 成分 | 识别标志 | 能否剥掉 | 剥后影响 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 插入语 | 两逗号之间:however / it seems / in fact | 能 | 句子仍完整,只丢语气 |
| 分词短语 | opened in 1908, rebuilt after… | 能 | 丢补充说明 |
| 同位语 | 名词短语紧跟名词:a plain notebook… | 能 | 丢解释信息 |
| 定语从句 | who / that / which + 缺成分从句 | 不能整体算插入 | 是名词的修饰语 |
| 宾语从句 | of who borrowed what… | 不能剥 | 是主干的宾语 |
- □ 先数限定动词,一个主句只认一个谓语。
- □ 盖住两逗号/破折号之间的成分,读出裸主干再做题。
- □ 同位语是名词短语,定语从句有关系词,别混。
- □ 先行词是人用 who,是物用 which/that。
- □ 设空若落在完整同位语之前,先怀疑题面多设了一空。
长难句完形的钥匙是减法:先剥插入、同位、分词短语,露出「谁 + 做什么 + 对谁做」,空格缺什么成分就一目了然,词性一锁,选项自动收窄。本组在同位语处刻意不设空、并把 which 留作干扰项——「哪里不该有空」本身也是考点,题面干净比硬凑满六个空更要紧。本篇语篇、设空、选项与解析均为原创自编仿真内容。