联招英语·完形填空：时间顺序与阶段信号词

题目性质：自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题，非真题原文，未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷；解析与采分点为教研整理，非官方评分标准。

一、考点定位与做题顺序

过程类完形先做一件事：在草稿上画时间轴，把 first / then / after that / once / by the time / eventually / in the end / looking back 这些信号词标到轴上。每个空先问「这一步在轴上的位置」，再比词义；很多选项单看都通顺，一放到顺序里就露出矛盾。

四类信号分工要分清：起始（initially, at first, to begin with）、推进（then, next, subsequently, once…）、结果/终点（eventually, finally, by the time…）、回顾/评价（in retrospect, looking back, by then）。特别注意 at first 常与后面的转折配对（At first…, but later…），by the time 要求主句用完成态。下面短文为自编示意语篇。

二、题目呈现

自编语篇（示意，设空 1–8）

Our class set out to test whether shade changes soil moisture. (1)______ , we marked six equal plots and watered them equally. (2)______ the first week, every reading looked the same, and several of us wanted to stop. (3)______ we checked the labels, however, we found that three plots had been placed under a tree without our noticing.

(4)______ that, we moved the shaded plots into open ground and restarted the count. (5)______ the second week the differences were small but steady. (6)______ , by the fifth week the shaded plots held visibly more moisture, and the graph finally separated into two lines.

(7)______ the project ended, we had recorded forty-two readings. (8)______ , the most useful lesson was not the result but the label check.

【备选词库】A. Initially B. During C. Once D. After E. Throughout F. Eventually G. By the time H. In retrospect I. At the end J. Before K. Meanwhile L. Finally

题1 顺序还原（排序）

Put the four events in the correct order according to the passage: ① restarting the count ② marking six plots ③ finding the label problem ④ the graph separating into two lines.

A. ②③①④　B. ②①③④　C. ③②①④　D. ①③②④

题2 设空 1–8 选词（从词库中选，每词限用一次）

1 ______　2 ______　3 ______　4 ______　5 ______　6 ______　7 ______　8 ______

题3 干扰项归因（简答）

Explain why «Finally» is wrong for blank (6), why «At the end» is wrong for blank (7), and why «At first» would be wrong for blank (8). One reason each.

三、分步解析

题1　A：② 先「marked six equal plots」→ ③ 第一周读数全同、检查标签时「found that three plots had been placed under a tree」→ ① 「moved the shaded plots… and restarted the count」→ ④ 「by the fifth week… the graph finally separated」。B 把「重启计数」放到「发现标签问题」之前、C 把发现问题放在最前、D 把重启计数置于画标记之前，三者的因果或先后都与原文冲突；只有 A 符合「先标记 → 读数相同 → 查标签发现问题 → 移走并重启 → 第五周图线分开」。

题2　1 A Initially：与「set out to」呼应，标起始；2 B During：during the first week 表「在第一周期间」，Throughout 也可表贯穿，但留给它处更贴；3 C Once：once we checked the labels＝「一查标签就……」，与 however 后的转折配套；4 D After：after that 承接上一步，引出「移走＋重启」；5 E Throughout：throughout the second week 表「整个第二周」读数小而稳，与期间持续的状态相合；6 F Eventually：由第二周到第五周、由「small but steady」到「visibly more」，是渐进后的最终结果，用 eventually；7 G By the time：by the time the project ended, we had recorded…，与主句过去完成时严格配对；8 H In retrospect：末句是回望式评价「最有用的教训不是结果而是查标签」，用回顾信号。

题3　① Finally 多用于列举最后一项或一连串动作的收尾（Finally, we packed up），而空 (6) 强调的是经过数周渐变后出现的结果，且后文还有 (7)(8) 两步继续，时间轴并未到终点，故用 Eventually 更准。② At the end 通常构成 at the end of + 名词短语（at the end of the project），不直接引导从句，也不要求主句用完成态；而空 (7) 后是从句 the project ended 且主句为 had recorded，只有 By the time 能同时满足「引导从句」与「过去完成时」两件。归因落在「介词结构」与「时态搭配」两件上。③ At first 属起始信号，常与 later/but 配对，而空 (8) 位于全文末尾、是对已结束项目的回望评价，轴上位置在终点之后，故只能用 In retrospect；用 At first 会把评价误标成开端。

四、采分点对照

五、高频易错点

• 不画时间轴就逐空比词义，把 After that 填到发现问题的位置，因果倒置。
• 把 Finally 与 Eventually 混用：前者收束一串动作，后者强调渐变后的结果。
• 忽略 by the time 与过去完成时的强制配对，选了 At the end 之类。
• 把 In retrospect 误当「首先」，末尾评价句被标成开端。
• 看到 during / throughout 都表示「期间」就随便选，不看后面接的是「某一周」还是「整段持续状态」。

六、小结与自查清单

• □ 先画时间轴，把遇见的信号词逐一标上去。
• □ 每个空先定「轴上位置」，再比词义；位置不符直接排除。
• □ 见到 by the time 立刻检查主句是否完成态。
• □ 末尾若出现评价、教训、感悟，优先判回顾信号。
• □ 做完按轴通读一遍，确认事件因果顺序没有倒置。

过程类完形的难点从来不是词，是顺序：把 first → during → once → after that → throughout → eventually → by the time → in retrospect 这条轴画出来，八个空几乎各就各位。养成「先定位、再选词」，比逐个抠词义省一半力气。本篇记录、设空、选项与解析均为原创自编仿真内容。