题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
三把尺按先便宜后贵的顺序用:①语法尺最快——词性、时态、主谓一致、搭配形式,一眼就能划掉一批;②语义尺再看——放进上下文意思通不通、褒贬与程度合不合;③语篇尺最慢但最定——前后句的逻辑、复现线索、情感线是否接得上。三把都过,才定答案。
最后一步不能省:回读。把选好的词全部代回,从头到尾读一遍,专找三类不对劲——时态跳、指代悬空、情绪突然翻向。回读时发现别扭,不要硬圆,回到那把尺重查。下面短文为自编示意语篇,不引用任何现成文章。
二、题目呈现
自编语篇(示意,设空 1–6)
The community garden had been empty for years. (1)______ a retired teacher, Ms. Rahman, asked the council for the keys, nobody expected much. She (2)______ the weeds first, then marked out six small beds with string. By June, the beds (3)______ with beans and marigolds, and children came every afternoon to (4)______ the watering can. What (5)______ me most was not the harvest but the rule she pinned to the gate: «Take what you need; leave the rest for someone else.» By autumn, the garden had become the one place (6)______ neighbours who had never spoken began to talk.
【备选词库】A. When B. Although C. cleared D. clearing E. were filled F. filled G. carry H. carrying I. struck J. strucked K. where L. which
题1 三把尺(填表)
For each blank, write which options are removed by the GRAMMAR rule, then by MEANING, then by DISCOURSE. Use option letters: 1 ___ 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___ 5 ___ 6 ___
题2 设空 1–6 选词(从词库中选,每词限用一次)
1 ______ 2 ______ 3 ______ 4 ______ 5 ______ 6 ______
题3 回读验证(简答)
A student first filled blank (1) with «Although». Read the whole sentence with that choice and explain what goes wrong at the discourse level. Then state the general rule for a final read-through.
三、分步解析
题1 1 When:语法尺保留 A/B(都能引导从句);语义尺排除 B(「虽然一位退休老师要钥匙」与后文「没人抱期待」不构成让步,语义拧);语篇尺定 A(时间从句接住 had been empty for years,把「多年空着 → 有人来要钥匙」接成时间链)。2 cleared:语法尺划掉 D(现在分词不能单独作谓语);语义尺 C 通;语篇尺由后文 then marked… 要求一个过去时并列谓语,定 C。3 were filled:语法尺划掉 F(beds 与 fill 是被动关系,缺 were);语义尺 E 通;语篇尺 By June 与后文 came 同为过去叙述,定 E。4 carry:语法尺划掉 H(to 后接动词原形);语义尺 G 通;语篇尺「每天下午来 + 提水壶」是目的动作链,定 G。5 struck:语法尺划掉 J(strike 的过去式是 struck,无 strucked 这一形式);语义尺 I 通(what struck me most=最打动我的);语篇尺与后半句 not…but… 的对照呼应,定 I。6 where:语法尺 L 也可引导定语从句,暂留;语义尺排除 L(先行词 the one place 是地点,从句里缺的是地点状语而非主/宾语);语篇尺 K 接住 place,定 K。
题2 1 A When:When a retired teacher asked…, nobody expected much,时间从句与「多年空着」呼应;2 C cleared:She cleared the weeds first,过去时谓语;3 E were filled:the beds were filled with beans and marigolds,被动+复数一致;4 G carry:came … to carry the watering can,不定式表目的;5 I struck:What struck me most was not… but…,过去式不规则动词;6 K where:the one place where neighbours… began to talk,地点定语从句。六个空各过三把尺,词库中 B/D/F/H/J/L 六个干扰项分别倒在语义或语法关,正好一一对应。
题3 填入 Although 后,句子变成 «Although a retired teacher asked the council for the keys, nobody expected much.»:语法没错,但语篇逻辑断了——让步要求「虽然 A,但是本该预期的 B 没发生」,而「一位退休老师来要钥匙」本身并不是会让人「预期很多」的事,前后构不成可让步的反差;更关键的是,首句已用 had been empty for years 铺了时间背景,读者等的是「后来发生了什么」,When 才接得住这条时间链,Although 把时间链硬拧成转折,第二段 «She cleared the weeds first, then…» 的推进也就失去了起点。回读通则:把全部答案代回,从首句连读到尾句,专查三件事——① 时态与主谓是否一路一致;② 每个代词、连接词在前面有没有可指/可接的对象;③ 情感与逻辑有没有在中途突然翻向。任何一处别扭都回到对应的尺重查,不靠「勉强说得通」放过。
四、采分点对照
| 题号 | 答案 | 采分点构成 |
|---|---|---|
| 题1 | 见解析 | 每空写出三把尺的判断 1 分(共 3 分);六空中至少四处标明被排除的干扰项 1 分;顺序「语法→语义→语篇」1 分 |
| 题2 | 1A 2C 3E 4G 5I 6K | 每空 1 分;指出六个干扰项分别倒在哪一关 1 分 |
| 题3 | 见解析 | 语法无误但语篇让步无着落 1 分;指出首句时间链被拧断 1 分;说明 When 接住 had been empty 1 分;回读三查 1 分;「不硬圆」1 分 |
五、高频易错点
- 一上来就抠词义,跳过最便宜的语法尺,白比半天。
- 把 clearing / carrying / filled 当谓语或不定式用,分词与原形混。
- 写出 strucked 这类不存在的过去式,不规则动词形式没过关。
- 先行词是 place 却选 which:从句缺的是地点状语,不是主宾语。
- 做完不回读,时态跳跃与逻辑翻向就留在成篇里。
六、小结与自查清单
| 尺 | 查什么 | 最快排除 | 本题例 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 语法 | 词性/时态/一致/搭配形式 | D、F、H、J | clearing 不能作谓语;strucked 不存在 |
| 语义 | 上下文意思、褒贬、程度 | B、L | Although 无让步反差;which 不指地点状语 |
| 语篇 | 逻辑链、复现、情感线 | 定 A、K | When 接住 had been empty;where 接住 place |
| 回读 | 时态一致、指代、情绪翻向 | 抓出别扭处 | Although 把时间链拧成转折 |
- □ 按「语法 → 语义 → 语篇」顺序过滤,先便宜后贵。
- □ 每个被划掉的选项都写下倒在哪一关,便于回查。
- □ 不规则动词(strike/struck)与被动语态单独过一遍。
- □ 定语从句先看从句缺什么成分,再定关系词。
- □ 全部代回从头读到尾,别扭处回到对应尺重查,不硬圆。
完形的稳定性来自流程而不是灵感:三把尺按先便宜后贵过一遍,六个干扰项各自倒在哪一关都能说清;最后代回通读,把时态、指代、情绪三处再扫一次。别扭就回去重查,别用「勉强说得通」放自己过去。本篇语篇、设空、选项与解析均为原创自编仿真内容。