题目性质：自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题，非真题原文，未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷；解析与采分点为教研整理，非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
时态空的判据不是「看到 ago 填过去式」这么简单。三步：找锚点（by the time / before / when / since / for 指向哪一刻）→ 排先后（两个过去动作谁先发生，先者用过去完成）→ 定体貌（是已完成结果、持续到现在、过去习惯，还是被中断的背景）。
两组高频分界：used to 可接状态或习惯且隐含「现在不再」，would 只接过去反复发生的动作、不接状态动词；现在完成不与明确的过去时间点连用（since 1998 ✅，in 1998 ✕），一般过去才配 ago / last year。下面短文为自编示意文本，人名、馆名、年份均属虚构。
二、逐题精讲
题1
题1 六空完形（单选，每空 1 分）
自编短文：
My grandfather (1) ______ in a small riverside town. Every summer he (2) ______ up before dawn and walk to the old reading room; he (3) ______ there for hours, copying maps by hand. By the time I (4) ______ old enough to go with him, he (5) ______ the habit long before — the room had closed in 1998. Since then he (6) ______ every one of his notebooks to the town library, and the clerks still display them.
(1) A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived
(2) A. would get B. used to getting C. was getting D. has got
(3) A. sits B. would sit C. was sitting D. has sat
(4) A. am B. was C. have been D. had been
(5) A. has given up B. gave up C. had given up D. gives up
(6) A. donated B. has donated C. had donated D. would donate
另给四个干扰判断：
甲：「in 1998」可与 (6) 的现在完成时同句使用。 乙：(3) 若填 was sitting 也能表示「过去反复」。 丙：(2) 的 used to getting 若改成 used to get 即可成立。 丁：(5) 用一般过去 gave up 与过去完成 had given up 在本文里意思完全一样。
解析
答案序列：B / A / B / B / C / B。(1) B lived：全篇为已结束的过去回忆，(1) 是背景状态且无「持续到现在」信号；D had lived 需有更晚的过去锚点才用，C has lived 与「the room had closed in 1998」的过去框架冲突，A lives 时态不一致。
(2) A would get：Every summer＋before dawn＋walk 是过去反复发生的动作，would＋动词原形正表此义；B used to getting 结构错（used to 后接原形；be used to doing 才是「习惯于」），C was getting 是单次进行背景，D has got 时态错。
(3) B would sit：与 (2) 并列，同为过去反复（「会在那儿坐上几小时」）；C was sitting 只表单次进行、与 for hours 的反复语义不合，A/D 时态错。注意：would 不接状态动词，但 sit / copy / walk 都是动作，可用；若写成 would be quiet（状态）则不自然，应改 used to be quiet。
(4) B was：By the time 引导的从句用一般过去陈述「我长到足够大」这一过去时点，与后面主句过去完成配对；D had been 会把从句也推到更早，锚点乱掉。
(5) C had given up：「放弃习惯」发生在「我长大」之前，先者用过去完成；且后文「the room had closed in 1998」给了更晚的过去参照。B gave up 只是并列叙述，丢掉先后；A has given up 时态错。
(6) B has donated：Since then 是现在完成标志，且末句「the clerks still display them」给出与现在相连的结果；A donated 配不了 since，C had donated 需过去的过去锚点，D would donate 表过去反复、与「至今仍陈列」不合。
干扰判断：甲错（in 1998 是明确过去时间点，不能与现在完成时同句；since 1998 才可以）；乙错（was sitting 表单次进行背景，不表反复）；丙对（used to get＝过去习惯且今已不再，与 would get 在「反复动作」上可互换，只是 used to 更强调今昔对比）；丁错（本文有 By the time＋had closed 两个过去锚点，必须用过去完成标出先后，不能说「完全一样」）。
答案 (1) B (2) A (3) B (4) B (5) C (6) B；干扰判断：甲错、乙错、丙对、丁错。
采分点 六空各 1 分；(2) 指出 used to getting 结构错 1 分；(3) 说明 would 不接状态动词 1 分；(4) 说明 By the time 从句用一般过去 1 分；(5) 指出「先于我长大」故用过去完成 1 分；(6) 指出 since then＋still display 定现在完成 1 分；甲/乙/丁三判断各 1 分；丙判断 1 分。
易错点 见 ago 一律填一般过去而忽略 by the time 的先后；把 used to doing 与 used to do 混同；让 would 接状态动词；把 had given up 与 gave up 当可互换；把 in 1998 与 since 1998 混用；漏看末句 still 给出现在连接。
题2
题2 改写与时间线回指
(1) 把短文末句改写成以 in 1998 为时间状语、且语法正确的句子（保留「捐出全部笔记本」这一事实），并说明改动后哪一处时态必须一起换。(2) 若把 (2)(3) 两空都换成 used to get / used to sit，语感与信息重点有什么变化？列出 used to 与 would 的三条分界。
解析
(1) 可写：In 1998 he donated every one of his notebooks to the town library, and the clerks still display them. 两处必须同步：① has donated → donated（明确过去时间点配一般过去）；② 前句的 Since then 必须删去或改成 In that year / After that，不能留 since 与 in 1998 并列。末句 still display 仍是现在时，可以保留——它说的是「至今仍陈列」这一现在状态，与前句的过去动作并不冲突；这正是「过去动作＋现在结果」可以被拆成两句写的原因。若硬把两句并成一句又想保留 since，就只能写成 Since 1998 he has donated…（但那会把「一次性捐出」读成「自 1998 以来陆续捐」，语义已变，不保真）。(2) 换成 used to get / used to sit 后，重点从「每年夏天都会那样做」的反复画面转为「过去如此、如今不再」的今昔对比；与后文「the room had closed in 1998」「他早已放弃习惯」呼应更强，但画面感（would 常带回忆式描摹）减弱。三条分界：
① 语义重心：used to 强调今已不再的对照；would 只描摹过去反复，不含今昔对比，需靠上下文交代「后来不这样了」。
② 搭配限制：used to 可接状态动词（used to live / be / own）；would 只能接动作动词，接状态不自然。
③ 结构形式：used to ＋动词原形（否定 didn't use to / used not to）；would ＋动词原形，且不可与 used to doing（习惯于）混同；would 还常与 every summer / often / whenever 等反复状语共现。
另补一条时间线回指：全文锚点顺序为 祖父住河畔小镇（lived）→ 每年夏天反复（would get / would sit）→ 1998 阅览室关闭（had closed）→ 我长大（was）→ 此前已放弃（had given up）→ 此后至今（has donated / still display）；把 (5) 降为 gave up，这条「先于我长大」的链就断了一环。
答案 (1) In 1998 he donated…（has donated→donated，Since then 删或改 In that year），still display 保留。(2) 重点由反复画面转为今昔对比、画面感减弱；三条分界：今昔对照 vs 纯反复、可接状态 vs 只接动作、used to do 结构且不与 be used to doing 混同。
采分点 改写用一般过去 1 分；删/改 Since then 1 分；保留 still display 并说明现在状态不冲突 1 分；指出硬并 since 会变「陆续捐」1 分；说明重点转为今昔对比 1 分；三条分界各 1 分；复述六节点时间线 2 分。
易错点 改写后仍留 Since then 与 in 1998 并列；把 still display 也改成过去时；把 used to doing 当 used to do；让 would 接 be/own/live；把 (5) 与 gave up 说成完全等价；漏掉 1998 had closed 这一更早锚点。
三、规律小结与对照表
| 空位 | 答案 | 锚点/信号 | 体貌判定 | 干扰项错因 | 时间线位置 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | B lived | 全篇过去框架 | 已结束的过去状态 | has lived 与 1998 框架冲突 | 第1节点 |
| (2) | A would get | Every summer / before dawn | 过去反复动作 | used to getting 结构错 | 第2节点 |
| (3) | B would sit | for hours 并列反复 | 过去反复动作 | was sitting 只表单次进行 | 第2节点 |
| (4) | B was | By the time 从句 | 过去时点锚点 | had been 会提前锚点 | 第4节点 |
| (5) | C had given up | 先于「我长大」 | 过去的过去 | gave up 丢先后 | 第5节点 |
| (6) | B has donated | Since then / still display | 与现在相连的结果 | donated 配不了 since | 第6节点 |
| 改写 | in 1998 → donated | 明确过去时间点 | 一般过去 | 留 Since then 则状语打架 | 替代写法 |
| used to vs would | 可换但重心变 | 今已不再 / 纯反复 | 状态可接 vs 只接动作 | would 接状态不自然 | 全篇对照 |
时态空的落点是「锚点—先后—体貌」三步：by the time 从句用一般过去、主句先发生者用过去完成；since／still 指向现在完成；ago／in＋年份只配一般过去。used to 与 would 在「过去反复动作」上可换，但前者带今昔对照、能接状态，后者只接动作、带回忆描摹。别忘了 used to do ≠ be used to doing。本短文人物、馆名、年份与册数均为自编示意，不代表任何真实记录或统计。
四、自测清单
- □ 先圈时间状语，确定指向哪一刻；
- □ 两个过去动作排先后，先者用过去完成；
- □ since / for / still 优先想现在完成，ago / in＋年份配一般过去；
- □ would 只接动作动词，状态动词改用 used to；
- □ used to do 与 be used to doing 不混；
- □ 改写后回读整条时间线，检查锚点是否仍闭合。
