题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
这类空先看两件事:① 从句内容是什么性质(主张、既成事实、自我让步、数据出处、决定);② 主语和上下文给了什么态度线索(「opinions differed」提示有人立论,「already tried」提示指出事实,「finally」提示作出决定)。动词选错,句子语法仍然通顺,但语气全错——这正是它适合做完形的原因。
五条分寸先记住:argue 摆理由立主张;point out 指出对方可能没注意到的事实;admit 承认(常带让步,承认的多半对自己立场略有不利);cite 引用数据/出处(cite figures / data / a source);agree to do 同意做某事。另外 claim 常隐含「自称、未必可信」,quote 是引原话而非引数据。下面短文为自编示意文本。
二、逐题精讲
题1
题1 完形填空(五空,单选)
自编短文:When our class discussed a longer reading hour, opinions differed. Li Ming (1) that two hours would be too long for younger students. Ms. Lin (2) that the library had already tried a shorter version in May. Several students who had first objected (3) they had stayed longer on rainy days. One monitor (4) the figures from the sign-in sheet, and the head teacher finally (5) to let each class decide its own hours.
(1) A. argued B. denied C. whispered D. wondered
(2) A. pointed out B. insisted C. doubted D. regretted
(3) A. admitted B. denied C. claimed D. demanded
(4) A. cited B. recited C. quoted D. copied
(5) A. agreed B. refused C. hesitated D. pretended
解析
(1) A argued:前句「opinions differed」定下讨论场,从句「两小时对低年级太长」是一个带理由的主张,用 argue that…;denied(否认)后接否定性内容、whispered 与讨论语境不符、wondered 后接 whether / 疑问词,不接陈述性 that 从句表主张。(2) A pointed out:从句是「图书馆五月已试过较短版本」这一既成事实,且用于回应前一句的担忧,用 point out(指出);insisted 表坚持主张(与「已试过」的事实陈述不同)、doubted 表怀疑、regretted 表遗憾,语气全不合。(3) A admitted:主语是「who had first objected」(起初反对的人),后文却说自己在雨天待得更久,这是带让步的自我承认,用 admitted;claimed 虽也接 that,但含「自称、未必可信」,与本处「承认对自己立场不利的事实」不符;denied 语义相反、demanded 后接虚拟/要求,不搭配。(4) A cited:宾语是the figures from the sign-in sheet(数据),固定搭配 cite figures / data;quote 用于引用原话,recited 是背诵,copied 是抄写,均不表「以数据为据」。(5) A agreed:agree to do sth 表同意做某事,与 finally 及「let each class decide」这一最终决定相合;refused 语义相反,hesitated to do 表犹豫、pretended to do 表假装,都不构成决定。
全文回译:班里讨论延长阅读时长时,意见不一。李明主张两小时对低年级学生太长。林老师指出,图书馆五月已经试过较短的方案。几位起初反对的同学承认,下雨天自己其实待得更久。一位班长引用了签到表上的数据,最后班主任同意让各班自行决定时长。
答案 (1) A (2) A (3) A (4) A (5) A(五空依次为 argued / pointed out / admitted / cited / agreed)
采分点 每空 1 分:答案 0.5 分、语气或搭配依据 0.5 分;(1)(3)(4) 三空须写出「主张/让步/数据」等依据才给满分。
易错点 (1) 选 wondered(忽略 that 从句是陈述性主张);(2) 选 insisted(不辨「指出事实」与「坚持主张」);(3) 选 claimed(不辨 admit 的让步色彩);(4) 选 quoted(cite 与 quote 混用);(5) 选 hesitated(忽略 finally 与决定的语义)。
题2
题2 语气辨析与搭配(填空)
用 say / claim / suggest / admit / cite / quote 填空,每词限用一次(自编句子):
① The notice ____ that the room closes at eight.(中性转述)
② He ____ to have read the whole book in one night, but nobody could verify it.(自称,带保留)
③ She ____ keeping a shorter trial period first.(提议,后接动名词)
④ I ____ that I had been wrong about the timetable.(承认)
⑤ The report ____ three years of attendance figures.(引用数据)
⑥ The article ____ Ms. Lin directly: "Let the data speak."(引用原话)
解析
① says(中性转述,不带态度色彩;主语第三人称单数加 -s)。② claimed:后句「nobody could verify it」正是 claim 的保留信号——自称、未必可信。③ suggested:suggest doing sth 表提议,注意 suggest 不接 to do,也不接「suggest sb to do」。④ admitted:承认自己此前错了,带让步。⑤ cited:宾语是数据(attendance figures),用 cite;不写 quoted。⑥ quoted:后面是带引号的原话,用 quote sb directly。
一组对照记牢:say=中性转述;claim=自称、可信度留有余地;suggest=提议(接 doing / that 从句用虚拟);admit=承认(多为对自己略不利的事实);cite=引数据/出处;quote=引原话。做完这类题可回读一遍,检查「说话人对内容的态度」是否和上下文一致。
答案 ① says ② claimed ③ suggested ④ admitted ⑤ cited ⑥ quoted
采分点 每空 1 分;须说明 claim 的保留色彩、suggest 接动名词、cite/quote 分工,共 3 分。
易错点 ② 填 said(丢掉「未必可信」的保留语气);③ 填 suggested to keep(suggest 不接不定式);⑤ 填 quoted(把数据当原话);⑥ 填 cited(把原话当数据);① 漏第三人称单数 -s。
三、规律小结与对照表
| 动词 | 语气/可信度 | 典型搭配 |
|---|---|---|
| say | 中性转述 | say that… |
| claim | 自称,常隐含「未必可信」 | claim to have done / claim that… |
| suggest | 提议;或含蓄暗示 | suggest doing / suggest that … (should) do |
| admit | 承认(带让步) | admit that… / admit doing |
| argue | 摆理由立主张 | argue that… / argue for/against |
| point out | 指出对方未注意到的事实 | point out that… |
| cite / quote | 引数据出处 / 引原话 | cite figures, data, a source / quote sb directly |
| agree | 同意(决定) | agree to do / agree with sb / agree on sth |
这类空的判据不在语法,而在「说话人站在哪一边、对内容信几分」:先判从句是主张、事实、让步还是数据,再挑动词;最后回读一句,看态度与上下文(如 first objected、finally)能不能接上。本篇短文、选项与解析均为原创自编示意内容。
四、自测清单
- 圈出主语的立场线索(first objected / opinions differed / finally)
- 判从句内容性质:主张→argue,事实→point out,让步→admit,数据→cite
- 见「nobody could verify」优先试 claim,别用 said
- suggest 后接动名词或虚拟 that 从句,不接 to do
- cite 配 figures/data/source,quote 配直接引语
- 五空填完通读全段,检查人物态度是否前后一致