联招英语·完形填空：介词＋关系代词与定语从句设空

题目性质：自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题，非真题原文，未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷；解析与采分点为教研整理，非官方评分标准。

一、考点定位与做题顺序

做这类空，先把从句还原成一个完整句，介词就自己浮出来了：the room in which the cards were kept → 还原为 the cards were kept in the room；the colleague for whom the note was left → the note was left for the colleague。判据永远是从句内部的搭配，不是中文语感。

三条硬规则：① 介词＋whom/which 结构里不能用 that、不能用 who（in that 另有「因为」义，不指代词）；② whose ＝ 先行词的「…的」，后面直接跟名词，可指人也可指物；③ 非限制性从句用逗号隔开，不能用 that，且 which 可指代整个前句。下面短文为自编示意文本，馆名、人物与数字均为虚构。

二、逐题精讲

题1

题1 八空完形（每空四选一）

自编短文：The town archive keeps a small drawer (1)____ old readers' cards are filed. The drawer, (2)____ lid was repaired last spring, sits beside a desk (3)____ visitors once signed their names. Ms Ren, (4)____ the register was kept for many years, still remembers the week (5)____ the shelf labels were changed.

There is a ruled form (6)____ each request had to be written; the clerk (7)____ it was handed then fetched the volume. The whole procedure, (8)____ took about twelve minutes on busy days, was replaced in 2024 by open shelves.

(1) A. which　B. in which　C. that　D. whose
(2) A. which　B. that　C. whose　D. of which
(3) A. where　B. which　C. on which　D. in which
(4) A. by whom　B. for whom　C. who　D. to whom
(5) A. which　B. when　C. that　D. on which
(6) A. in which　B. on which　C. which　D. by which
(7) A. whom　B. to whom　C. who　D. for whom
(8) A. that　B. which　C. what　D. it

解析

(2) C (whose)。 the drawer, ____ lid was repaired… 需要「抽屉的盖子」，whose lid 最简洁。of which the lid 也合语法但选项写成 of which 后直接接 lid（of which lid was repaired）不成立；which/that 不能表所属，且非限制性从句排除 that。

(3) C (on which)。 先行词 desk，还原 visitors once signed their names on the desk（在桌面上签名）→ on which。where 虽可指地点，但「在桌上」用 on 更准，且 where 无法体现「在…表面上」；in which 会成「在桌子里」。

(4) A (by whom)。 the register was kept by Ms Ren（登记册由她保管）→ by whom。for whom 是「为她保管」，to whom 是「交给她」，都改了关系；who 在介词后不可用（且从句已有主语 the register，缺的是施事状语）。

(5) B (when)。 先行词 the week，从句 the shelf labels were changed during/in the week，时间状语用 when（＝ during which）。on which 只配具体某天，不配 week；which/that 在从句里缺成分。

(6) B (on which)。 each request had to be written on a ruled form（写在表格上）→ on which。in which 是「写在表格里」不合搭配；by which 表手段，会变成「靠表格被写」。

(7) B (to whom)。 it was handed to the clerk（表格被递给店员）→ to whom。hand sth to sb 是固定双宾结构，被动后仍留 to；for whom 是「替他递」，whom 缺介词，who 不能跟在介词后。

(8) B (which)。 逗号后的非限制性从句，which 指代整个前句「The whole procedure」，作从句主语（which took about twelve minutes）。that 不能引导非限制性从句；what 不能引导定语从句；it 会造成两个分句无连接词（逗号拼接）。

回读验：把八个答案代回，五个介词全部能还原成完整句（in the drawer / on the desk / by Ms Ren / on the form / to the clerk），三个非限制性从句（2、4、8）都用逗号且无 that，无一处悬空。

答案　(1) B　(2) C　(3) C　(4) A　(5) B　(6) B　(7) B　(8) B

采分点　每空 1 分；每空写出「还原后的完整句」判据另计 0.5；指出介词后不用 that/who 1 分；指出非限制性从句不用 that 1 分；第(8)空说明 which 指代整个前句 1 分；整体回读验证 1 分。

易错点　见「介词」就随便配，不看从句动词搭配（把 on the desk 写成 in which）；把 whose 后漏接名词；非限制性从句里选 that；第(4)空把 by whom 写成 for whom，把「保管」改成「代管」；第(7)空漏掉 hand sth to sb 的 to；第(8)空选 it 造成逗号拼接。

题2

题2 介词还原改错与限制性/非限制性辨析

(1) 下面三句各有一处关系结构错误，指出并改正，写出还原句：①「The drawer which the cards are filed is small.」②「Ms Ren, for who the register was kept, still remembers it.」③「The procedure, that took twelve minutes, was replaced.」(2) 把「The shelf labels were changed in that week.」并成一句含限制性定语从句的话，再并成一句含非限制性的话，说明两者在信息预设上的差别。

解析

(2) 限制性：The week when the shelf labels were changed was the one Ms Ren remembered.（或 The week in which…）——无逗号，从句用来界定是哪一周，去掉它「the week」所指不明。
非限制性：That week, when the shelf labels were changed, was unusually busy.——有逗号，先行词已被 That week 指明，从句只是补充一个已知信息，去掉后主句仍完整。
信息预设差别：限制性从句提供识别信息（听者不知道是哪一周，靠从句缩小范围），朗读不停顿、书写不加逗号；非限制性从句提供附带信息（听者已经知道是哪一周，说话人顺带补一句），有逗号、语调有停顿，且不能用 that、不能省关系词。这一差别正是完形里逗号设空的判分点：看到逗号，先划掉所有含 that 的选项。

可迁移的动作：每遇关系空，先做三件事——圈先行词、把从句还原成完整句、看有没有逗号；介词由还原句里的搭配定，that 由逗号定，whose 由「后面是不是直接跟名词」定。

答案　(1) ① which→in which（还原 filed in the drawer）；② for who→for whom / by whom（介词后用宾格，且语义为「由她保管」）；③ that→which（非限制性不用 that）。(2) 限制性无逗号、从句作识别信息；非限制性有逗号、作附带补充，先行词已明确，且不用 that、不省关系词。

采分点　① 改介词并写出还原句 1 分；② 指出 who→whom 与介词语义两处 1 分；③ 指出非限制性排除 that 1 分；说明去逗号后语义变化 1 分；限制性句子正确 1 分；非限制性句子正确 1 分；信息预设差别（识别 vs 附带）1 分；「逗号→先划掉 that」的动作 1 分。

易错点　① 只加 in 不改 which 的位置，写成 in which 却仍把 cards 当主语却漏掉介词；② 只改 whom 不检查介词是否合语义；③ 改成 which 却仍保留 that；限制性/非限制性只说「一个逗号一个没逗号」，不讲信息预设；非限制性句子里用 that 或省略关系词。

三、规律小结与对照表

定语从句设空，答案几乎都藏在「把从句还原成一句完整的话」里：in the drawer、on the desk、by Ms Ren、to the clerk，介词一个个自己冒出来；再瞄一眼有没有逗号，就能划掉所有 that。最容易错的不是不认识 which，而是凭中文「在…里」硬套 in，或者忘了介词后必须用 whom。圈先行词、还原从句、看逗号，三步走完就稳了。本篇馆名、人物与十二分钟均为自编示意。

四、自测清单

• □ 先圈先行词，再判断指人/指物/指整句；
• □ 把从句还原成完整句，介词从搭配里取，不靠语感；
• □ 介词后只用 whom/which，划掉 that 与 who；
• □ whose 后面必须直接跟名词，表「…的」；
• □ 见到逗号＝非限制性，先排除 that，且不省关系词；
• □ 代回通读，检查每个介词都能还原、没有逗号拼接。