联招英语·that 两职：定语从句缺成分，同位语从句不缺

题目性质：自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题，非真题原文，未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷；解析与采分点为教研整理，非官方评分标准。

一、考点定位与做题顺序

同一个 that，在定语从句里是关系代词，必须在从句里充当主语或宾语；在同位语从句里只是连词，从句本身主谓宾齐全。判别只要一步：把 that 后面的句子单独抽出来，看缺不缺成分。

自编示意语篇共 12 空：定语从句 3、同位语从句 3、宾语从句 3、强调句 3。语篇为自编示意，不代表真实材料。

二、逐题精讲

题1

题1　给 12 个空判断 that 的职能，并说明「the news that we won」与「the news that spread fast」差在哪。

自编示意语篇：The news ___ our team won spread fast. The note ___ he left on the desk was short. We heard ___ the meeting had moved. It was the map ___ showed the route. The idea ___ the plan could fail worried us. The file ___ I borrowed is back. She said ___ the data were clean. It was yesterday ___ the error was found. The fact ___ the sample was small matters. The chart ___ they drew is here. We believed ___ the result held. It was the label ___ confused the reader.

解析

定语从句 3 处：the note that he left（缺宾语）、the file that I borrowed（缺宾语）、the chart that they drew（缺宾语）；the news that spread fast 里 that 作主语，也属这一层。同位语从句 3 处：the news that our team won、the idea that the plan could fail、the fact that the sample was small，先行词都是抽象名词，从句主谓宾齐全，that 不充当成分。

宾语从句 3 处：heard that、said that、believed that；强调句 3 处：It was the map that、It was yesterday that、It was the label that，去掉 It was…that 框架后句子仍完整。合计 3+3+3+3=12 闭合。

判据是「抽出来看缺不缺成分」而不是「前面是不是名词」：the news 后面两可，从句缺主语（spread 前没主语）就是定语从句，从句完整（our team won 主谓齐全）就是同位语从句。

答案　定语从句 3；同位语从句 3；宾语从句 3；强调句 3；合计 12

采分点　四类归类各 1 分；抽句缺成分判据 2 分；先行词抽象名词 2 分；两可辨析 1 分；合计回代 1 分

易错点　把同位语从句的 that 当关系代词；只看先行词是名词就判定从

题2

题2　12 个自编示意句中，判断哪些是同位语从句，填序号；若把 2 处定语从句误收，误判率是多少？

①The news that our team won　②The note that he left　③The idea that the plan could fail　④It was the map that showed the route　⑤The fact that the sample was small　⑥We heard that the meeting moved　⑦The news that spread fast　⑧The file that I borrowed　⑨The belief that the result held　⑩She said that the data were clean　⑪It was yesterday that the error was found　⑫The chart that they drew

解析

同位语从句共 4 句，为 ①③⑤⑨：先行词 news/idea/fact/belief 都是抽象名词，从句 our team won、the plan could fail、the sample was small、the result held 都成分完整。②⑦⑧⑫ 是定语从句（that 作宾语或主语），⑥⑩ 是宾语从句，④⑪ 是强调句。

误收 ②⑦ 两处后，命中变 4+2=6 句，误判率 = 2/12 = 16.7%（分母固定为 12 句，不是 4 句）。回代核验：4 + 2 = 6；3+3+3+3=12=12 四类闭合。

再验判据：① 与 ⑦ 先行词同为 the news，但 ① 从句完整、⑦ 从句缺主语，一个同位语一个定语，正是本题要分开的两职。

答案　同位语 ①③⑤⑨；按样本表命中 4 句，误收 2 句后 6 句，误判率 16.7%

采分点　四句判定 2 分；同先行词两职辨析 2 分；分母口径 1 分；命中与误判率回代 2 分；口径固定 1 分

易错点　把 the news that spread fast 收成同位语；用命中数当分母

三、规律小结与对照表

小结：把 that 后的句子抽出来看缺不缺成分，先行词只作辅助。12 空四类各 3，误收 2 句即 16.7% 误判率。语篇为自编示意。

四、自测清单

• 能分出定语从句与同位语从句
• 会用抽句缺成分判据
• 知道同位语先行词多为抽象名词
• 能辨析同先行词下的两职
• 能识别强调句框架
• 能按固定分母回代误判率