题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
做代词空只有两步:①回上一句(有时上两句)圈出先行词;②判三件事——单数还是复数、是「同一个」还是「同类另一个」、是泛指还是特指。三步一判,四个选项通常只剩一个。
常见分工:it=上文那一个(同一物);one=同类中的另一个(泛指单数,可加 a/the/this 修饰);that=同类中的特指(常带 of 或后置修饰,替代不可数或单数名词);they/them=复数先行词。下面短文为自编示意文本。
二、题目呈现
自编短文(示意,7 空)
The school workshop kept two old benches. The (1) ____ by the window had a cracked leg, so Ms. Rao asked us to repair (2) ____ before the open day. I had never fixed (3) ____ like that before, but she lent me a clamp and said the trick was patience rather than speed. A new bench would have been easier to buy; (4) ____, she said, would not have taught us anything. By noon the leg held firm. The clamp was mine, but the idea behind (5) ____ was hers. Later, two visitors asked whether we had made the benches ourselves, and we told (6) ____ the whole story. One of (7) ____ even left a note on the repaired leg.
各空选项见「分步解析」逐空给出。
题1(简答)
写出第 (1)(2)(5) 空的先行词分别是什么,并说明第 (4) 空为什么不能填 it。
题2(填空)
完成 7 空,每空写出一条上下文线索。
三、分步解析
题1 (1) 空修饰语 by the window 把范围从 two old benches 缩到「靠窗那一件」,先行词是 two old benches 中的一张,故用 one(同类特指化);(2) 空的先行词是 the cracked leg / 那张靠窗的长凳,指代上文同一个对象;(5) 空 the idea behind ____ 的先行词是 the clamp(点子附在这件工具所代表的做法上),指同一物用 it。第(4)空若填 it,就会变成「买一张新长凳这件事不会教我们什么」——但前句已用 A new bench 作主语,此处需要的是与「修」相对、指代「买一张新凳」这一同类替代的泛指,且后文 would not have taught us anything 是对「另一条路」的评价,故用 one(= buying a new one)才与 rather than 的对照结构闭合;it 会把两句粘成同一件事,逻辑塌掉。
(1) one A. one B. it C. that D. they。线索:two old benches + by the window 的限定 → 从两张里挑一张,是「同类中的一个」,用 one;it 不能直接接 by the window 作后置限定(应写 the one by the window 的省略式,本空即填 one);that 需带 of/后置修饰且多用于比较结构;they 与单数不符。答案 A。
(2) it A. them B. one C. it D. that。线索:repair ____ 的对象是上句刚点出的那张有裂腿的凳子,同一物、单数 → it。them 数不符;one 会变成「另修一张新的」,与 repair 矛盾;that 不用于动词宾语指同一物。答案 C。
(3) anything / one A. anything B. it C. them D. that。线索:I had never fixed ____ like that before,否定句 + like that(像那样的东西)需要泛指「任何一件同类东西」→ anything;若设空为 a ____ 结构则填 one。按本篇给定选项取 A(anything),指代「同类事物中的任一件」,与 never 构成「从没修过这类东西」。答案 A。
(4) one A. it B. one C. that D. they。线索:A new bench would have been easier to buy; ____, she said, would not have taught us anything。这里指「买一张新凳」这条替代路径,是同类另一个(泛指),用 one(= buying one);it 会把主语与上半句同一化,对照消失;that 需比较结构(如 that would…than…);they 数不符。答案 B。
(5) it A. one B. them C. it D. that。线索:The clamp was mine, but the idea behind ____ was hers —— behind 后指的就是这把夹子本身(同一物、单数)→ it。one 会变成「另一把夹子背后的点子」,与前半句脱节;them 数不符;that 在此不自然。答案 C。
(6) them A. him B. them C. it D. one。线索:two visitors asked… and we told ____ the whole story —— 先行词是 two visitors(复数) → them。him/it/one 数与人数都不符。答案 B。
(7) them A. it B. one C. them D. that。线索:One of ____ even left a note —— one of 后必须接复数代词/名词,回指 two visitors → them。填 it/one/that 都会让 one of 结构不成立。答案 C。
四、采分点对照
| 空号 | 答案 | 先行词 / 线索 |
|---|---|---|
| (1) | one | two old benches 中靠窗的一张 → 同类之一 |
| (2) | it | 上句那张裂腿凳 → 同一物、单数 |
| (3) | anything | never + like that → 同类任一件(泛指) |
| (4) | one | 「买一张新凳」这条替代路径 → 同类泛指,与 rather than 对照 |
| (5) | it | the clamp → 同一物 |
| (6) | them | two visitors → 复数 |
| (7) | them | one of + 复数,回指 two visitors |
五、高频易错点
- 不回上一句圈先行词,凭「读着顺」选 it,结果把 (1)(4) 都填成 it。
- 分不清 it(同一物)与 one(同类另一个):「修它」与「另买一张」差一个字。
- 忽略数:two visitors 却填 him/it;one of 后面接单数代词导致结构不成立。
- 把 that 当成万能替代:that 多用于带后置修饰或比较结构的特指,口语式宾语指代不用。
- 漏读 never 与 rather than 这类信号,看不出 (3)(4) 的泛指与对照。
- 填完不通读,(5) 若填 one,通读时会发现「夹子是我的,另一把夹子背后的点子是她的」明显断裂。
六、小结与自查清单
| 代词 | 指代关系 | 典型信号 |
|---|---|---|
| it | 上文同一个(单数/不可数) | repair it / behind it |
| one | 同类中另一个(泛指单数) | a new one / one by the window |
| that | 同类特指,常带修饰或比较 | that of… / larger than that |
| they / them | 复数先行词 | two visitors / one of them |
| anything / something | 否定、疑问中的泛指 | never fixed anything like that |
- □ 每空先圈上一句的先行词,写在草稿上再选。
- □ 判三件事:数、是否同一物、泛指还是特指。
- □ 遇到 one of 立刻确认后面必须是复数。
- □ 遇到 rather than / instead / a new… 先想「是不是同类替代」。
- □ 否定句与疑问句优先考虑 anything / something 一类泛指。
- □ 带答案通读,检查指代对象有没有中途换人换物。
代词空的分不在语法,在「你有没有把上一段还留在脑子里」。it 把同一件东西接住,one 把话题换到同类的另一件,they/them 把复数对象接住——圈出先行词再判数与特指,四个选项基本自己就分开了。本篇短文、设空与选项均为原创自编仿真内容。