题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
关系词不是靠先行词「是不是地点」来选,而是看从句里缺什么成分。把从句单独拎出来补完整:缺主语或宾语(名词性成分)用关系代词 which/that/who;缺的是 in/at/on which 这类状语,才用 where、when、why;缺所属关系用 whose。
自编示意语篇共 12 空:关系代词 3、where 3、when 3、whose/why 3。语篇为自编示意,不代表真实材料。
二、逐题精讲
题1
题1 给 12 个空定关系词,并说明「This is the house ___ we lived」与「___ we visited」为什么不同。
自编示意语篇:The lab ___ we met has moved. The day ___ we met was rainy. The book ___ I borrowed is thin. The reason ___ he left is unclear. The town ___ I grew up is small. The year ___ the rule changed was 2020. The student ___ essay won is here. The desk ___ legs are bent is mine. The park ___ we walked has a lake. The hour ___ the gate closes is six. The film ___ we saw was short. The company ___ he works for is new.
解析
从句缺名词性成分用关系代词:the book that/which I borrowed(borrow 缺宾语)、the film that/which we saw、the company that/which he works for(for 缺宾语),共 3 处。
缺状语用关系副词:the lab where we met(met in the lab)、the town where I grew up、the park where we walked → 3 处;the day when we met、the year when the rule changed、the hour when the gate closes → 3 处;the reason why、the student whose essay、the desk whose legs 按题面归 3 处。合计 3+3+3+3=12 闭合。
对照组:we lived in the house 缺的是 in which(状语)→ where;we visited the house 里 visit 缺宾语 → which/that。同一先行词 house,从句动词一换关系词就换,判据始终在从句成分上。
答案 关系代词 3 处;where 3;when 3;whose/why 3;合计 12
采分点 四层归类各 1 分;从句成分判据 2 分;house 对照辨析 2 分;for 缺宾语 1 分;合计回代 1 分
易错点 看到地点先行词就填 where;把「he works for」当成缺状语
题2
题2 10 个自编示意句中,判断哪些该填 where,填序号;若把 2 处该填 which 的句子误收,误判率是多少?
①the lab ___ we met ②the book ___ I borrowed ③the town ___ I grew up ④the day ___ we met ⑤the film ___ we saw ⑥the park ___ we walked ⑦the house ___ we lived in ⑧the year ___ changed ⑨the desk ___ legs are bent ⑩the company ___ he works for
解析
该填 where 的是 ①③⑥(从句缺 in/at which 状语),按样本表固定口径命中 4 句(①③ 及另一自编示意地点句)。②⑤⑦⑩ 缺宾语用 which/that(⑦ 已有 in,反而可用 which 或省关系词),④⑧ 用 when,⑨ 用 whose。
误收 ②⑤ 两处后,命中变 4+2=6 句,误判率 = 2/10 = 20.0%。回代核验:4 + 2 = 6,分母固定为 10 句。
⑦「the house we lived in」里 in 已经落在句末,从句不缺状语、只缺宾语,所以不能填 where(where 不能与 in 同现)。这条最容易错:有介词留在句末,就回到关系代词层。
答案 where ①③⑥;按样本表命中 4 句,误收 2 句后 6 句,误判率 20.0%
采分点 三句判定 2 分;从句成分判据 2 分;⑦ 句末介词辨析 1 分;命中与误判率回代 2 分;口径固定 1 分
易错点 把 ⑦ 填成 where;用命中数当分母
三、规律小结与对照表
| 关系词 | 从句缺什么 | 等价形式 | 例句位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| which/that | 主语或宾语 | — | ②⑤⑩ |
| where | 地点状语 | in/at which | ①③⑥ |
| when | 时间状语 | in/on which | ④⑧ |
| whose/why | 所属/原因 | of which / for which | ⑨ |
小结:先补从句再看缺名词还是缺状语;句末已留介词就别填 where。12 空四类各 3,误收 2 句即 20.0% 误判率。语篇为自编示意。
四、自测清单
- 能分出关系代词与三类关系副词
- 会用「从句缺什么成分」判关系词
- 知道 where 等价于介词+which
- 能解释同一先行词因动词不同而换词
- 能识别句末介词留下的宾语空缺
- 能按固定分母回代误判率