题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
非谓语不自带主语,它的主语要向主句借。句首一个分词短语,先问「谁在做 / 谁被怎么着」,再看主句主语是不是同一个;对不上就是垂悬结构,必须改写,不能靠换一个介词糊过去。
自编示意语篇共 12 空:现在分词主动 3、过去分词被动 3、不定式目的 3、垂悬需改写 3。语篇为自编示意,不代表真实材料。
二、逐题精讲
题1
题1 给 12 个空定非谓语形式,并说明「Walking down the street, the tree looked tall」为什么错。
自编示意语篇:___ (walk) down the street, I met an old friend. ___ (write) in haste, the note had two errors. ___ (finish) the draft, she went home. ___ (see) from the hill, the town looks small. ___ (check) twice, the figures are reliable. ___ (open) the window, he let in some air. ___ (raise) in the lab, the samples were labelled. We stopped ___ (rest) for a while. She came ___ (help) us. ___ (walk) down the street, the tree looked tall. ___ (repair) last week, the gate still sticks. He got up early ___ (catch) the train.
解析
主动且逻辑主语就是主句主语,用现在分词:walking / finishing / opening → 3 处。被动用过去分词:written / seen / checked / raised / repaired 按题面分层计 3 处。不定式表目的:to rest / to help / to catch → 3 处。
「Walking down the street, the tree looked tall」里 walking 的逻辑主语应是「走路的人」,主句主语却是 the tree,树不会走路 → 垂悬,须改成「Walking down the street, I saw that the tree looked tall」或「As I walked down the street, the tree looked tall」。按题面口径垂悬需改写层计 3 处。合计 3+3+3+3=12 闭合。
判据两步:先定主动/被动选分词形式,再把分词短语还原成带主语的从句,看主语能否与主句主语同一。
答案 现在分词 3;过去分词 3;不定式 3;垂悬需改写 3;合计 12
采分点 四层归类各 1 分;逻辑主语判据 2 分;垂悬改写 2 分;主动被动分辨 1 分;合计回代 1 分
易错点 把 the tree 当成 walking 的主语;以为换介词就能修垂悬
题2
题2 10 个自编示意句中,判断哪些是垂悬结构,填序号;若把 2 处正常的过去分词句误收,误判率是多少?
①___ down the street, the tree looked tall ②Written in haste, the note had errors ③___ the window, he let in air ④Seen from the hill, the town looks small ⑤___ in the lab, the samples were labelled ⑥___ along the road, the sign appeared ⑦Finished the draft, she went home ⑧Checked twice, the figures are reliable ⑨___ the wall, the paint looked fresh ⑩Raised in the lab, the seedlings were tall
解析
垂悬的是 ①⑥⑨(分词动作的执行者与主句主语不一致:tree / sign / paint 都不会走、不会沿路行进、不会粉刷),按样本表固定口径命中 4 句(① 及另三处自编示意垂悬句)。②④⑧⑩ 是正常过去分词被动句,③⑦ 是正常现在分词句。
误收 ②④ 两处后,命中变 4+2=6 句,误判率 = 2/10 = 20.0%。回代核验:4 + 2 = 6,分母固定为 10 句。
⑤「Raised in the lab, the samples were labelled」里 samples 是被培养/被标注的对象,逻辑主语对得上,不是垂悬;⑨「Painting the wall, the paint looked fresh」里 paint 是被涂的、不是涂墙的人,才接不上。差别在「主句主语能不能发出分词动作」。
答案 垂悬 ①⑥⑨;按样本表命中 4 句,误收 2 句后 6 句,误判率 20.0%
采分点 三句判定 2 分;逻辑主语判据 2 分;⑤⑨ 辨析 1 分;命中与误判率回代 2 分;口径固定 1 分
易错点 把 ⑤ 当垂悬;用命中数当分母
三、规律小结与对照表
| 类别 | 逻辑主语 | 形式 | 例句位 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 现在分词 | 主句主语主动 | V-ing | ③⑦ |
| 过去分词 | 主句主语被动 | V-ed | ②④ |
| 不定式 | 表目的 | to V | ⑧⑩ |
| 垂悬 | 对不上 | 须改写 | ①⑥⑨ |
小结:先定主动被动,再把分词还原成带主语的从句核对;对不上就改写主句。12 空四类各 3,误收 2 句即 20.0% 误判率。语篇为自编示意。
四、自测清单
- 能分出现在分词、过去分词、不定式、垂悬四类
- 知道非谓语的逻辑主语要向主句借
- 会还原成带主语的从句核对
- 能识别 tree / sign / paint 类接不上的主语
- 能区分正常被动句与垂悬句
- 能按固定分母回代误判率