题目性质:自编仿真题——按课程标准与联招常见考点范围编写,非真题原文;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、短文与题目(自编)
Mr. Dutta ran a small repair shop. He never (1) ____ a price before looking at the thing brought in. "Let me see what it needs first," he would say.
One day a boy brought a broken radio. The (2) ____ turned out to be a single loose wire. Mr. Dutta (3) ____ it in two minutes and asked for almost nothing. The boy, (4) ____ by the small charge, asked why he had spent so little time yet charged so little. "You paid for the years of (5) ____, not the two minutes," Mr. Dutta laughed. "The wire was free; knowing where to look was not."
The boy later said that one sentence (6) ____ how he thought about skill ever after.
(1) A. quoted B. counted C. earned D. saved
(2) A. reason B. problem C. result D. purpose
(3) A. searched B. replaced C. fixed D. examined
(4) A. surprised B. frightened C. annoyed D. discouraged
(5) A. patience B. practice C. luck D. silence
(6) A. limited B. shaped C. recorded D. interrupted
二、逐空精讲
(1) A quoted 线索:动宾搭配 + 下句复现。空后宾语是「a price」,能与之搭配的只有 quote(报价);下句「Let me see what it needs first」(先看需要什么再定价)正是「不先报价」的解释。
干扰项:count 与 price 不搭(数的是数量);earn / save 的宾语是钱而非「价格」。实词空第一看:动词和它的宾语能不能搭。
(2) B problem 线索:语义范围 + 下文答案。下句「a single loose wire」(一根松了的线)是故障,不是原因、结果或目的,故为 problem / fault。
干扰项:reason 诱人(「原因是一根线」中文说得通),但英文里 reason 回答 why,此处回答的是「毛病在哪」,且下文用 turned out to be 引出的应是「问题本身」;result、purpose 语义方向反了。近义名词靠「范围」区分,不靠中文译感。
(3) C fixed 线索:动作结果 + 时间状语。「in two minutes」且「asked for almost nothing」说明修好了;fix 表「修好」这一结果。
干扰项:examined 只表检查,与「收费几乎为零、两年后仍被引用」不冲突但力度不足——关键是下句男孩问「为什么花这么少时间」,说明活已干完;searched 不及物需搭配 for;replaced 与「wire was free」(线没花钱)矛盾。动词空问:这个动作产生的状态,下一句承不承认。
(4) A surprised 线索:情感因果。「by the small charge」(收费极低)导致的是意外,且后文男孩发问正由意外驱动。
干扰项:frightened / annoyed / discouraged 全为负向,与全文温和、带着敬佩的基调不符。情感词看「引发它的事件 + 全文基调」两项。
(5) B practice 线索:同义复现 + 末句解释。「the years of ___」与末句「knowing where to look was not (free)」同指:多年练出来的本事。
干扰项:patience 是耐心,无法解释「知道往哪儿看」;luck 与「years of」矛盾(运气不按年积累);silence 无关。抽象名词看它能否被本句的解释句替换。
(6) B shaped 线索:动宾搭配 + 主旨回扣。宾语是「how he thought about skill」(他对技艺的看法),能与之搭配的是 shape / change / influence;shape 兼有「逐渐塑成」义,与 ever after 呼应。
干扰项:limited(限制)、interrupted(打断)语义反向;recorded 与「看法」不搭。末段空回扣主旨:全文讲的就是一次经历如何改变认知。
三、答案汇总与干扰项四类归因
| 空 | 答案 | 判断依据 | 最强干扰项 | 错因类型 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (1) | A quoted | 动宾搭配 quote a price | counted | 搭配不通 |
| (2) | B problem | 语义范围(故障≠原因) | reason | 中文译感误导 |
| (3) | C fixed | 动作结果与下句一致 | examined | 力度不足、只表过程 |
| (4) | A surprised | 情感因果+基调 | annoyed | 情感反向 |
| (5) | B practice | 被解释句同指 | patience | 范围不对 |
| (6) | B shaped | 动宾搭配+主旨 | limited | 语义反向 |
二次通读验证:代入后全文为「不先报价 → 故障只是一根松线 → 两分钟修好、几乎不收钱 → 男孩意外发问 → 你付的是多年练习 → 那句话塑造了他此后对技艺的看法」。因果链完整、基调一致、末句与首段「先看需要什么」形成呼应 ✓。
四、实词空判断清单
- □ 动词先看宾语与下句是否承认这个动作的结果;不及物动词查是否需要介词;
- □ 名词先看语义范围(原因/故障/结果/目的)与修饰语(years of 搭配积累性名词);
- □ 形容词副词看引发它的事件与全文基调,负向词先慎选;
- □ 警惕中文说得通、英文不搭的选项(reason 表故障、count a price);
- □ 抽象名词用「本句的解释句能否替换它」来验证;
- □ 固定搭配(quote a price、spend time、charge for、be surprised by)单独记忆,不靠临场推;
- □ 末段空回扣主旨;全填完代回通读,只改确有矛盾处。
实词空的分,八成来自「搭配」和「范围」两件事。词义都认识却选错,基本都是没看宾语、没看下一句。