题目性质：自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题，非真题原文，未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷；解析与采分点为教研整理，非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
遇到谓语设空，先别数「离得最近的那个名词」。英语主谓一致看的是主语的中心词，而命题人最爱在中心词和谓语之间塞进介词短语、同位语或并列结构，把视线引开。做题固定三步：一找谓语空（确认这一空填的是动词，不是名词或形容词）；二剥修饰（划掉 with / together with / as well as / of / along with 引出的成分）；三定中心词（剩下的名词是单数、复数还是不可数，再决定 is/are、was/were、has/have）。
三条硬规则先记住：就远（A as well as B → 看 A）、就近（either A or B / not only A but also B → 看 B）、the number of + 复数名词谓语用单数，a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数。下面短文为自编示意文本，社团、人数、日期与活动数据均虚构。
二、逐题精讲
题1
题1 八空完形（每空从括号内二选一）
自编校园通讯：The reading club, together with two other student groups, (1) ___(is / are) holding a book fair this week. A number of volunteers (2) ___(has / have) signed up, but the number of free desks (3) ___(is / are) still limited. Neither the coordinator nor the two assistants (4) ___(was / were) aware of the change in schedule, so either the assistants or the coordinator (5) ___(has / have) to reprint the list. Not only the posters but also the sign-up sheet (6) ___(was / were) updated yesterday. Two thirds of the donated books (7) ___(is / are) in Chinese, while the rest of the collection (8) ___(comes / come) from the school library. Here (9) ___(is / are) two notices for anyone who (10) ___(want / wants) to help.
写出 1–10 空的正确形式，并标出每空所依据的规则（就远／就近／the number of／a number of／分数与 of 后名词／倒装句主语在后／定语从句先行词）。
解析
逐空：① is（就远：中心词 The reading club 单数，together with two other student groups 是介词短语，划掉）；② have（a number of volunteers＝「若干志愿者」，中心词 volunteers 复数）；③ is（the number of free desks＝「桌子的数量」，中心词 number 单数）；④ were（neither…nor 就近，看 the two assistants 复数；且后文「change in schedule」为过去事件，用过去式）；⑤ has（either…or 就近，看 the coordinator 单数）；⑥ was（not only…but also 就近，看 the sign-up sheet 单数；yesterday 定过去式）；⑦ are（分数 + of + 复数名词 books，谓语随 books）；⑧ comes（the rest of + 单数/集合概念 the collection，谓语随 collection；此处 collection 作整体，用单数）；⑨ are（Here 引导倒装，真正主语是后面的 two notices，复数）；⑩ wants（定语从句先行词 anyone 为不定代词，谓语用单数）。互验：把每空的修饰成分用括号括起来读一遍——① The reading club (together with…) is；② A number of volunteers have；③ The number (of free desks) is；④ Neither the coordinator nor the two assistants were；⑤ either the assistants or the coordinator has；⑥ Not only the posters but also the sign-up sheet was；⑦ Two thirds of the donated books are；⑧ the rest of the collection comes；⑨ Here are two notices；⑩ anyone who wants。十空全部能回译成「中心词 + 谓语」的最短结构，没有一空靠「离得近」判断。
答案 1 is｜2 have｜3 is｜4 were｜5 has｜6 was｜7 are｜8 comes｜9 are｜10 wants。规则依次为：就远、a number of、the number of、neither…nor 就近、either…or 就近、not only…but also 就近、分数随 of 后复数名词、the rest of 随单数集合名词、Here 倒装主语在后、anyone 不定代词单数。
采分点 每空 0.5 分（形式与规则各半）；① 能划掉 together with 短语 1 分；②③ 能说出 a/the number of 的中心词差别 1 分；④⑤⑥ 三处就近各 1 分；⑦⑧ 分数与 the rest of 各 1 分；⑨ 指出倒装主语在后 1 分；⑩ 指出 anyone 单数 1 分。
易错点 ① 看到 two other student groups 就近选 are；②③ 把 a number of 与 the number of 混为一谈；④ 把 neither…nor 当成「两者都不」一律用单数；⑥ 看到 posters 复数就选 were；⑦ 把 two thirds 当单数；⑨ 见 Here 就填 is；⑩ 被 anyone who 的 who 带偏填 want。
题2
题2 三类干扰项辨析与改错
(1) 改写下列句子，使主谓一致，并说明改动依据：① The captain, as well as his crew, were praised. ② A number of pages is missing. ③ The number of applicants have doubled. ④ Neither the students nor the teacher were late.
(2) 自编完形干扰项：「Three quarters of the equipment ___ (was / were) moved to the new lab.」应选哪一个？若把 equipment 换成 instruments，答案是否变化？请说明「of 后名词可数性」如何决定谓语。
解析
(1) ① The captain, as well as his crew, was praised.（就远：主语中心词 The captain 单数，as well as his crew 是附加成分，逗号也提示它是插入语）。② A number of pages are missing.（a number of＝若干，中心词 pages 复数）。③ The number of applicants has doubled.（the number of＝…的数量，中心词 number 单数；has doubled 保持现在完成）。④ Neither the students nor the teacher was late.（就近：看 the teacher 单数；若调换语序成 Neither the teacher nor the students，则谓语改为 were——这正是就近原则的判据）。(2) 选 was：equipment 为不可数名词，three quarters of + 不可数名词，谓语用单数（分数本身不决定单复数）。换成 instruments（可数复数）后答案变为 were，因为 of 后的名词成了复数可数。规律：分数/百分数/part of / the rest of / most of + of 短语，谓语随 of 后名词的可数性与数；若 of 后是集合名词且强调整体，用单数，强调成员则可用复数（英式用法），答题时按题干给定的「整体/成员」口径写明即可，不武断给唯一答案。
答法提示：改错题必须同时写出「改后的形式」与「中心词是什么」；只改不说依据，采分点丢一半。
答案 (1) ① was（就远，中心词 captain）② are（a number of，中心词 pages）③ has（the number of，中心词 number）④ was（就近，看 teacher；调换语序则 were）。(2) was（equipment 不可数）；换 instruments 后为 were；分数/百分数/the rest of 的谓语随 of 后名词。
采分点 四句改后形式各 1 分；四句中心词依据各 1 分；④ 能说明调换语序后答案变化 1 分；(2) 选 was 1 分；替换后改 were 1 分；点明「分数不决定、of 后名词决定」1 分；集合名词整体/成员口径说明 1 分。
易错点 把 as well as 当成 and 一律用复数；改③时顺手把 has doubled 改成 have doubled 之外的时态；④ 只记「neither…nor 用单数」而不看就近；(2) 见 three quarters 就填 were；把 equipment 当成可数复数加 s。
三、规律小结与对照表
| 结构 | 自编示例 | 中心词 | 谓语 | 规则 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A as well as B | The club, as well as two groups, … | A（club） | is | 就远 |
| A together with B | together with two other student groups | A | is | 就远 |
| either A or B | either the assistants or the coordinator | B | has | 就近 |
| neither A nor B | Neither the coordinator nor the two assistants | B | were | 就近 |
| not only A but also B | Not only the posters but also the sheet | B | was | 就近 |
| a number of + 复数 | A number of volunteers | volunteers | have | 复数 |
| the number of + 复数 | The number of free desks | number | is | 单数 |
| 分数 + of + 复数 | Two thirds of the donated books | books | are | 随 of 后 |
| 分数 + of + 不可数 | Three quarters of the equipment | equipment | was | 单数 |
| the rest of + 整体 | the rest of the collection | collection | comes | 单数 |
| Here 倒装 | Here are two notices | two notices | are | 主语在后 |
| 不定代词 | anyone who wants | anyone | wants | 单数 |
主谓一致设空，本质上是一次「把主语削到最短」的练习：先圈谓语空，再用括号划掉所有介词短语与插入语，剩下的那个词才是中心词。就远、就近、a/the number of、of 后名词可数性、Here 倒装——五条规则覆盖绝大多数设空。切记「离谓语最近的名词」常常正是命题人放的那个诱饵。本短文的社团、人数、日期与活动数据均为自编示意，不代表真实统计。
四、自测清单
- □ 先确认该空填的是谓语动词，再看主语；
- □ 用括号划掉 with / together with / as well as / of 引出的修饰成分；
- □ 就远（A as well as B）与就近（either…or）分开记，不混用；
- □ 每见 a number of / the number of 先圈冠词再定中心词；
- □ 分数、百分数、the rest of 一律看 of 后名词的可数性与数；
- □ Here / There 倒装句先找后面的真正主语；
- □ 定语从句（anyone who…）的谓语随先行词，不随从句里的近邻名词。
