题目性质:自编仿真题——题目、材料、选项、数据与情境均为按课程标准与联招常见考点独立编写的原创仿真题,非真题原文,未取自任何题库、教辅或试卷;解析与采分点为教研整理,非官方评分标准。
一、考点定位与做题顺序
平行结构空先做一件事:把成对连词的左右两边用竖线画开,检查两边词性、时态、形式是否一致。not only A but also B 里 A、B 同为名词/同为动词短语/同为介词短语;either…or / neither…nor / both…and 同理。not only 置于句首时,前半分句要部分倒装(Not only did they…, but they also…)。
再看省略与倒装:so / neither + 助动词 + 主语 表「也/也不」,助动词要与前句的时态和动词类型呼应(前句实义动词一般过去 → did;含 be/情态/完成 → 用相应的 be/情态/have)。下面短文为自编示意文本,馆名与数据均属虚构。
二、逐题精讲
题1
题1 八空完形(每空四选一)
自编短文:The reading room kept (1)____ atlases (2)____ timetables on the north wall. Visitors could (3)____ borrow a map (4)____ ask the desk to find one. (5)____ did the staff label the shelves, (6)____ they also numbered every item. The upstairs room used the same system, and (7)____ the room downstairs. Readers who came early liked the new order; (8)____ those who came later.
(1) A. not only B. either C. both D. neither
(2) A. and B. but also C. or D. nor
(3) A. either B. both C. not only D. neither
(4) A. and B. or C. but also D. nor
(5) A. Not only B. Either C. Both D. Neither
(6) A. or B. nor C. but D. and
(7) A. so did B. so was C. neither did D. so does
(8) A. neither did B. so did C. so was D. nor did
解析
(1) C (both) / (2) A (and)。 both…and… 连接两个名词 atlases / timetables,两边同为复数名词,平行成立。若用 not only…but also 也平行,但 (2) 的选项里 B 是 but also,与 (1) C 不配套;本题按给出的选项组合判定为 both…and。(3) A (either) / (4) B (or)。 either…or… 连接两个动词短语 borrow a map / ask the desk to find one,两边同为动词原形(跟在 could 后),平行成立。
(5) A (Not only) / (6) C (but)。 Not only 置句首 → 前半分句部分倒装(did the staff label,助动词 did 提前),后半用 but (they) also…;本题 (6) 选项只给 but,句中已有 also,正是 Not only…, but…also… 的省略式。
(7) A (so did)。 前句 used the same system 是一般过去实义动词,故倒装用 did;so 表「也(肯定)」。不能用 so was(前句无 be)、so does(时态不符)、neither did(否定,方向反)。
(8) B (so did)。 前句 liked the new order 同为一般过去实义动词、且为肯定,故 so did those who came later;neither/nor did 只用于承接否定句。
答案 (1) C (2) A (3) A (4) B (5) A (6) C (7) A (8) B。要点:both…and 接两名词、either…or 接两动词短语、Not only 置首须部分倒装(did…)、but…also 省略式、so + did + 主语承接一般过去肯定句。
采分点 每空 1 分共 8 分;另计:说明两边词性对称 1 分;说明 Not only 置首的部分倒装 1 分;说明 so/neither 的助动词与前句时态呼应 1 分;说明 neither 只接否定 1 分。
易错点 把 both…and 与 not only…but also 混搭成 both…but also;Not only 置首忘了倒装(写成 Not only the staff labelled);(7)(8) 用 so was / so does 或 neither did;(6) 填 and 使 Not only 无着落;忽略「also 已在句中」而重复。
题2
题2 改错与结构改写
(1) 下面三句各有一处平行结构或倒装使用不当,请改正并说明理由:
① The room kept not only atlases but timetables on the north wall, and visitors could either borrow a map or to ask the desk.
② Not only the staff labelled the shelves, and they also numbered every item.
③ The upstairs room used the same system, and so was the room downstairs; readers who came early liked it, and neither did those who came later.
(2) 把「Not only did the staff label the shelves, but they also numbered every item」改写成不改变事实、且不用倒装的另一种说法,并说明改写后哪一层语气容易丢失。
解析
(1) ① 两处都改:not only atlases but timetables → not only atlases but also timetables(或改用 both atlases and timetables);either borrow a map or to ask → either borrow a map or ask。后者是关键:either…or 两边必须同为动词原形(都跟在 could 后),加 to 就破坏了平行。② Not only the staff labelled → Not only did the staff label,and → but:Not only 置句首,前半分句须部分倒装(助动词 did 提前、实义动词回原形),后半固定用 but…also…。
③ so was → so did(前句 used 是一般过去实义动词,非 be);neither did → so did(前句 liked 为肯定,承接肯定用 so,neither/nor 只接否定)。
(2) 可写:The staff not only labelled the shelves but also numbered every item. 或 The staff labelled the shelves and numbered every item as well. 事实不变:仍是「既贴了标签,又给每件编了号」两项都做了。
容易丢的是「Not only 置首」带来的强调与递进语气:倒装把 not only 提到句首,使「贴标签」先被突出、再用 but also 把「逐件编号」追加一层,读起来是「不止…还…」。改成平铺的 and…as well 后,两项变成并列的等量信息,递进与强调都淡了。另须保住 also / as well 这一「追加」标记,只写 and numbered 会把两层压成一层。
答案 (1) ① 补 but also、删 or 后的 to;② Not only did the staff label…, but…;③ so was→so did、neither did→so did。(2) The staff not only labelled… but also numbered…(或 …and…as well);易丢「不止…还…」的强调与递进语气及追加标记。
采分点 ① 两处各 1 分并说明平行 1 分;② 倒装 1 分、but 1 分;③ 两处各 1 分、说明助动词与前句呼应 1 分;(2) 写出合法改写 1 分;指出强调/递进语气 1 分;指出 also/as well 追加标记 1 分。
易错点 ① 只补 but also 忘了删 to;② 只改 and→but 而漏倒装;③ 把肯定句也用 neither;(2) 改写时丢 also/as well 使两层压成一层;把「不改变事实」误解为「可以删掉一项」。
三、规律小结与对照表
| 结构 | 两边要求 | 自编示例 | 易错 |
|---|---|---|---|
| both…and | 同为名词/短语 | both atlases and timetables | 混搭 but also |
| not only…but also | 两边同词性 | not only atlases but also timetables | 漏 also |
| either…or | 两边同为动词原形 | either borrow… or ask… | 一边加 to |
| neither…nor | 两边同形且否定 | (本语篇未选) | 接肯定句 |
| Not only 置首 | 前分句部分倒装 | Not only did the staff label… | 忘倒装 |
| but…also | 后分句用 but | but they also numbered… | 写成 and |
| so + 助动词 + 主语 | 承接肯定,助动词呼应 | so did the room downstairs | so was/does |
| neither/nor + 助动词 | 只承接否定 | (本语篇未选) | 接肯定 |
| 一般过去实义动词 | 助动词用 did | used / liked → so did | 用 was/has |
| 非倒装改写 | 保住 also/as well | …and…as well | 递进语气丢失 |
平行结构空先把成对连词左右画开:两边词性、时态、形式必须一致,either…or 后一边加 to 就破了功。再守两条:Not only 置句首必须部分倒装(did 提前、动词回原形),so/neither + 助动词 + 主语 的助动词要与前句时态呼应(一般过去实义动词用 did),且 neither 只接否定。改成非倒装句时别忘了 also / as well,否则「不止…还…」会被压平。短文中阅览室与两项工作均为自编示意,不代表任何真实机构与数据。
四、自测清单
- □ 把成对连词左右两边画开,逐项比词性、时态、形式;
- □ either…or / neither…nor 后两边同为动词原形(跟在情态动词后);
- □ Not only 置首 → 前半分句部分倒装,动词回原形;
- □ 后半固定 but…also…,别写成 and;
- □ so/neither 的助动词按前句时态与动词类型选;
- □ 非倒装改写保住 also/as well 的追加语气。